Crossing the divide: tradition, rupture, and modernity in Revolutionary Russia

This agenda-setting chapter sets the pathway for future research into the Russian Revolution. Nineteen-seventeen has often been presented as a complete break with the past, with everything which had gone before swept away, and all aspects of politics, economy, and society reformed and made new. This is a Bolshevik narrative that scholars have all too easily accepted. However, by applying the theory of “multiple modernities” and “entangled modernities” to the Russian Revolution, this chapter shows how the new and the old came together to create the Soviet experience—it reveals how a complicated mixture of new Soviet thinking and ideas developed before 1917 converged to established a specific cultural context. The chapter also shows how current historiographical factions might speak to one another through a “multiple modernities approach” that presents change and continuity as part of a historical relationship. More specifically, it unites the “modernity school” (which has focused on modern ideology and statecraft as an explanation for the Soviet Union) and the “neo-traditional school” (which has focused on unchanging patron-client relations as a means of explaining all Russian history). By accepting a plurality of modernities—not just a Eurocentric version—we can better understand the development of the Soviet Union. We also get away from the idea that Russia “got modernity wrong” or that the Bolsheviks imposed modernity on an unchanging state

Combined Imaging Markers Dissociate Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration – An ALE Meta-Analysis

To compare and dissociate the neural correlates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), we combine and synthesize here recent comprehensive meta-analyses. Systematic and quantitative meta-analyses were conducted according to the QUOROM statement by calculating anatomical likelihood estimates (ALE). AD (n = 578) and the three subtypes of FTLD, frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia (SD), and progressive non-fluent aphasia (n = 229), were compared in conjunction analyses, separately for atrophy and reductions in glucose metabolism. Atrophy coincided in the amygdala and hippocampal head in AD and the FTLD subtype SD. The other brain regions did not show any overlap between AD and FTLD subtypes for both atrophy and changes in glucose metabolism. For AD alone (n = 826), another conjunction analysis revealed a regional dissociation between atrophy and hypoperfusion/hypometabolism, whereby hypoperfusion and hypometabolism coincided in the angular/supramarginal gyrus and inferior precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus. Our data together with other imaging studies suggest a specific dissociation of AD and FTLD if, beside atrophy, additional imaging markers in AD such as abnormally low parietal glucose utilization and perfusion are taken into account. Results support the incorporation of standardized imaging inclusion criteria into future diagnostic systems, which is crucial for early individual diagnosis and treatment in the future

Contested sites, land claims and economic development in Poum, New Caledonia

Property relations are often ambiguous in postcolonial settings. Property is only considered as such if socially legitimate institutions sanction it. In indigenous communities, access to natural resources is frequently multidimensional and overlapping, subject to conflict and negotiation in a ‘social arena’. Settler arrivals and new economic possibilities challenge these norms and extend the arena. The article analyses conflicts and negotiations in the French overseas territory of New Caledonia in the light of its unique settler history and economic activity, focussing on the little-studied remote northern district of Poum on the Caledonian main island Grande Terre. In this region the descendants of British fishermen intermarried with the majority Kanak clans. We illustrate the interaction between customary conflicts, European settlement, struggles for independence, and a desire for economic development. Customary claims are in tension with the attractions of economic growth and service delivery, which has been slow in coming to Poum for reasons largely outside the control of local people

Manganese-catalyzed selective C–H activation and deuteration by means of a catalytic transient directing group strategy

A novel manganese-catalyzed C-H activation methodology for selective hydrogen isotope exchange of benzaldehydes is presented. Using D2O as a cheap and convenient source of deuterium, the reaction proceeds with excellent functional group tolerance. Highortho-selectivity is achieved in the presence of catalytic amounts of specific amines, whichin situform a transient directing group. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021

Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic

Passengers value reliable travel times but are often faced with delays in intermodal urban traffic. To improve their mobility experience, we propose a robust route planning tool that provides routes guaranteeing a certain probability of on-time arrival and satisfying additional constraints. The constraints can limit the number of transfers, time-dependent trip costs and other relevant resources. To find such routes, we extend the time-dependent reliable shortest path problem by adding constraints on time-dependent and stochastic edge weights. An exact solution method based on multi-objective A* search is proposed to solve this problem. By applying our algorithm to a showcase featuring an actual city, we hope to answer relevant questions for policy-makers and contribute to smarter mobility in the future

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Trifluoromethylations and (Per)Fluoroalkylations of Anilines and Indoles

Introducing (per)fluoroalkyl groups into arenes continues to be an interesting, but challenging area in organofluorine chemistry. We herein report an ortho-selective C−H perfluoroalkylation including trifluoromethylations of anilines and indoles without the need of protecting groups using RfI and RfBr as commercially available reagents. The availability and price of the starting materials and the inherent selectivity make this novel methodology attractive for the synthesis of diverse (per)fluoroalkylated building blocks, for example, for bioactive compounds and materials. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Procedures and Criteria for the regulation of innovative non-medicinal technologies into the benefit catalogue of solidly financed health care insurances

Because great interest in an efficient range of effective medicinal innovations and achievements has arisen, many countries have introduced procedures to regulate the adoption of innovative non-medicinal technologies into the benefit catalogue of solidly financed health care insurances. With this as a background, this report will describe procedures for the adoption of innovative non-medicinal technologies by solidly financed health care insurances in Germany, England, Australia and Switzerland. This report was commissioned by the German Agency for Health Technology Assessment at the German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information

Motivatoren und Demotivatoren für Unternehmer im deutschen Maschinen- und Anlagenbau

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